There are a lot of uses for Geolocation. But I've listed here some really popular ones and some really useful ones.
We have transportation web sites like public transportation buses, trains, etc. that can automatically detect where you are and give those listings and schedule, relative to where you are.
Same thing with taxis and other transportation websites.
It uses a lot of calculating shipping costs on shopping carts in e-commerce web sites.
Travel agencies and Real estate websites would obviously benefit from this, like looking up for listings/houses around your location.
Movie theater web sites to find our listings of movies in your area or theaters in your area.
Online gaming
Local headlines and weather - obviously you watch the headlines and weather around where you are, and this Geolocation allows you to do that automatically without you having to search and input your city or state.
Job postings, where they can automatically include commute times and transportation times.
There's endless possibilities, and there are a countless number of websites you can use this for.