Google Cloud Functions (GCF) has several limitations. GCF supports only certain runtime environments, limiting language choice. It also imposes a maximum execution time of 540 seconds per function invocation, which may not be sufficient for long-running tasks. The cold start latency can affect performance as instances are initialized on the first request after idle periods. There’s no built-in mechanism for function chaining or orchestration, requiring additional tools like Google Cloud Pub/Sub. GCF doesn’t support VPC-native networking and it lacks granular control over scaling behavior. Lastly, debugging and monitoring require external tools such as Stackdriver.
