Google Cloud Functions are stateless, meaning they don’t retain information between invocations. To manage state, you can use Google Cloud Firestore or Google Cloud Storage to persist data across function calls. For instance, if a user’s session needs to be tracked, the session ID could be stored in Firestore and retrieved on subsequent function calls. Alternatively, for temporary storage of non-sensitive data, you could use in-memory caching like Redis. However, this is not recommended for critical data as it may get lost if the function instance gets recycled. It’s also important to handle concurrency issues by using transactional operations where necessary.
