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Explain how parallel execution works in Ant, and how you can configure and optimize it to improve build performance.

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Parallel execution in Ant allows multiple tasks to run concurrently, improving build performance by utilizing available CPU resources. To enable parallelism, use the “parallel” task with nested tasks or targets.

Configure parallel execution by setting the “threadCount” attribute to control the number of threads used. For optimal performance, set it equal to the number of CPU cores available. Additionally, consider using the “mode” attribute to choose between “perCoreThreadCount” (default) and “totalThreadCount” modes for thread allocation.

Optimize parallel execution by identifying independent tasks that can be executed simultaneously without causing conflicts. Ensure proper dependencies are defined to avoid race conditions. Utilize the “waitFor” attribute to synchronize tasks when necessary.

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