A segmentation fault occurs when a program tries to access memory it shouldn’t. To avoid this, ensure pointers are always initialized before use and never write data past the end of allocated arrays.
When handling segmentation faults, debugging tools like GDB can be used. It allows you to inspect what your program was doing at the moment it crashed. You can also use ‘core dumps’, which are produced by the operating system when a process does something illegal. They contain a snapshot of the program’s state at the time of the crash.
In C++, using smart pointers instead of raw ones can help prevent such errors as they automatically deallocate memory when no longer needed. Also, consider using vector or string classes in place of raw arrays.
