Q1. To mount a drive by its ID, what command would you use first to retrieve it?
- [ ] df -h
- [ ] listid
- [ ] ls -l
- [x] blkid
Q2. Linux file access control lists (ACLs) are \_.
- [x] discretionary access control system permissions layered over standard Linux permissions
- [ ] mandatory access control system permissions layered over standard Linux permissions
- [ ] a type of firewall for Linux
- [ ] the same as standard Linux permissions
Q3. When using iproute2, how do you show routing information for an IPv6 network?
- [ ] route -ipv6
- [ ] route
- [x] ip -6 route show
- [ ] ip route show
Q4. What does this command string do?
```bash
find / -size +10M -exec ls -l {} ;
```
- [ ] It finds all files using ls -l and hands them off to the find command to display.
- [ ] It finds all files older than 10 minutes and long lists them using the ls command.
- [x] It finds all files larger than 10 MB and long lists them using the ls command.
- [ ] It uses the ls command to find all files in the filesystem matching the {} wildcard.
Q5. What would this locate command show?
```bash
locate --regexp '^/usr.*pixmaps.*jpg$'
```
- [ ] all files in a directory named pixmaps
- [ ] all files ending in ".jpg"
- [x] all file paths that start with "/usr", include the word "pixmaps", and end with ".jpg"
- [ ] all file paths that include "/usr/pixmaps" and end with ".jpg"
Q6. Which command allows you to do packet analysis from the command line?
- [ ] wireshark
- [ ] ethtool
- [ ] netstat
- [x] tcpdump
Q7. Which command will tell you how long a system has been running?
- [ ] log
- [x] uptime
- [ ] runtime
- [ ] access
Q8. How would you describe PCP (Performance Co-Pilot)?
- [ ] It is an application testing suite used to profile programming code.
- [ ] It is a local command used for monitoring local system resources in real time.
- [x] It is a set of tools, services, and libraries for gathering and analyzing performance measures.
- [ ] It is a tool designed to change system configuration for purposes of optimization.
Q9. You want to resolve a long list of DNS names using dig. What should you do?
- [x] Create a text file including all names and use the -f option of dig.
- [ ] Type in each query manually.
- [ ] Write a shell script to send multiple dig queries to the DNS server.
- [ ] Save the DNS names in an SQL database and process it with dig.
Q10. What would this command output?
```
ps -e --format uid,pid,ppid,%cpu,cmd
```
- [x] the user ID, process ID, parent process ID, CPU usage, and command name of a process
- [ ] the user ID, group ID, parent process ID, CPU usage, and command name of a process
- [ ] the UUID, process ID, parent process ID, CPU usage, and command name of a process
- [ ] all of these answers
Q11. Which command in Bash executes the last line in the shell history that starts with ls?
- [ ] !
- [ ] !!
- [ ] !\*
- [x] !ls
Q12. The ssh-copy-id command copies \_ to the remote host.
- [ ] both private and public keys
- [x] the ssh public key
- [ ] the ssh private key
- [ ] a fingerprint file
Q13. What command is used to determine the amount of disk usage for a directory?
- [ ] find
- [ ] fdisk
- [x] du
- [ ] df
Q14. A backup drive was created using dd to make a bit-for-bit copy. When the drive is inserted into an iSCSI target before it is booted up, the data appears to be missing. What happened?
- [ ] The backup drive is corrupted and needs to be re-created.
- [x] When the backup drive was duplicates, the label was as well. When booted, the system mounted the old duplicates drive by its identical label.
- [ ] There is a conflict between the physical location of the backup drive and the original drive.
- [ ] The backup process went wrong, and the old drive was duplicates over the original drive.
Q15. What is the key difference between a redirect (>) and piping to the tee command?
- [ ] The tee command sends output only to STDOUT and STDERR.
- [ ] A redirect sends output to STDOUT and a file, whereas a tee sends output only to STDOUT.
- [ ] Nothing, they are the same.
- [x] The tee command sends output to STDOUT and a file, whereas a redirect sends output only to a file.
Q16. What does the /etc/nsswitch.conf file manage?
- [ ] priority of one DNS server over another
- [ ] per network interface DNS server configuration
- [ ] alternative DNS services
- [x] sources for name service information
Q17. Assume the variable myNumber holds a string consisting of 10 digits. What will this command output?
```bash
echo \$myNumber | sed -e 's/^[[:digit:]][[:digit:]][[:digit:]]/(&)/g'
```
- [ ] It will only match digits—and since the string has only digits, the command will output the same number without changes.
- [ ] It will output the same 10-digit number, but every digit will be inside parentheses.
- [ ] It will output the entire 10-digit number inside parentheses.
- [x] It will output the same 10-digit number, but the first 3 digits will be inside parentheses.
Q18. Packages can be downloaded but not installed with yum or dnf by specifying which option?
- [ ] None of these answers. yum does not support downloading packages without installing them.
- [ ] --downloaddir
- [ ] -d
- [x] --downloadonly
Q19. What character class is equal to this set?
`[0-9]`
- [ ] `[[:alnum:]]`
- [x] `[[:digit:]]`
- [ ] `[[:alpha:]]`
- [ ] `[[:num:]]`
Q20. When archiving files, which command will preserve all file attributes including ACLs and SELinux security context?
- [ ] zip
- [x] tar
- [ ] archive
- [ ] gzip
Q21. In a systemd-based OS, you can change the system hostname by editing /etc/hostname manually and then doing what?
- [ ] Restart dhcpd.
- [ ] Run /etc/hostname.
- [x] Nothing, the system notices automatically.
- [ ] Notify systemd to update it by restarting the systemd-hostnamed service.
Q22. What command would you use to resize an LVM volume group to include an additional physical volume?
- [ ] vgadd
- [ ] vgresize
- [ ] vgappend
- [x] vgextend
Q23. When would this system cron job run its task?
`0 1 \* \* \*`
- [ ] every minute of the hour
- [ ] every hour of every day
- [x] every day at 1:00 AM
- [ ] only on Mondays
Q24. ifconfig has been deprecated. What command is now recommended for changing IP addresses in the live config?
- [ ] netconf
- [ ] ipconfig
- [ ] ipman
- [x] ip
Q25. You are managing an Apache web server on a system using SELinux. By default it cannot read personal webpages in users' home directories. What SELinux boolean would you set to allow this?
- [ ] apache_enable_homedirs
- [ ] httpd_enable_userdirs
- [x] httpd_enable_homedirs
- [ ] httpd_enable_userhome_dirs
Q26. Why doesn't passwd -l keep a user from logging in via other methods?
- [ ] The passwd command is not used for locking passwords.
- [ ] There is no password -l option.
- [x] It locks only the password, not the account, so users can still authenticate with keys or other methods.
- [ ] It does lock the account, keeping users from logging in even if they are using other authentication methods.
Q27. In the Bash shell, what is the difference between piping into | and piping into |&?
- [ ] Piping into | pipes both stdout and stderr. Piping into |& pipes only stderr.
- [x] Piping into | pipes stdout. Piping into |& pipes stdout and stderr.
- [ ] Piping into | pipes both stdout and stderr. Piping into |& pipes only stdout.
- [ ] Piping into | pipes stdout. Piping into |& pipes all open file descriptors.
Q28. Why is the passwd command able to modify the /etc/passwd file?
- [ ] The kernel identifies it as one of the names of extended commands.
- [ ] It has the same name as the file it modifies.
- [x] It has the SUID permission mode and is owned by root.
- [ ] It is a system administration command.
Q29. When a user deletes a file using the rm command, Linux will \_.
- [ ] always ask for confirmation
- [ ] back up the file before it deletes the file
- [x] ask for confirmation if configured to do so
- [ ] never ask for confirmation
Q30. What is a major advantage of using Logical Volume Management (LVM)?
- [ ] Access to a drive is faster than with standard partitions.
- [ ] Volumes can be resized smaller without unmounting them.
- [ ] Repairing filesystem errors is easier than with standard partitions.
- [x] Volumes can be resized even if the free space is not contiguous.
