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regex in C++

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Regex is the short form for “Regular expression”, which is often used in this way in programming languages and many different libraries. It is supported in C++11 onward compilers.

Function Templates used in regex

regex_match() -This function return true if the regular expression is a match against the given string otherwise it returns false.

// C++ program to demonstrate working of regex_match()

#include <iostream>

#include <regex>

  

using namespace std;

int main()

{

    string a = "Hello Antom";

  

    // Here b is an object of regex (regular expression)

    regex b("(Ant)(.*)"); // Geeks followed by any character

  

    // regex_match function matches string a against regex b

    if ( regex_match(a, b) )

        cout << "String 'a' matches regular expression 'b' \n";

  

    // regex_match function for matching a range in string 

    // against regex b

    if ( regex_match(a.begin(), a.end(), b) )

        cout << "String 'a' matches with regular expression "

                "'b' in the range from 0 to string end\n";

  

    return 0;

}

regex_search() – This function is used to search for a pattern matching the regular expression

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// C++ program to demonstrate working of regex_search()

#include <iostream>

#include <regex>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

  

int main()

{

    // Target sequence

    string s = "I am looking for mad answer"

               "articles";

  

    // An object of regex for pattern to be searched

    regex r("mad[a-zA-Z]+");

  

    // flag type for determining the matching behavior

    // here it is for matches on 'string' objects

    smatch m;

  

    // regex_search() for searching the regex pattern

    // 'r' in the string 's'. 'm' is flag for determining

    // matching behavior.

    regex_search(s, m, r);

  

    // for each loop

    for (auto x : m)

        cout << x << " ";

  

    return 0;

}

Output:

mad answer

regex_replace() This function is used to replace the pattern matching to the regular expression with a string.

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// C++ program to demonstrate working of regex_replace()

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include <regex>

#include <iterator>

using namespace std;

  

int main()

    string s = "I am looking for MadAnswer\n";

      

    // matches words beginning by "mad"

    regex r("Mad[a-zA-z]+");

      

    // regex_replace() for replacing the match with 'geek' 

    cout << std::regex_replace(s, r, "mad");

      

    string result;

      

    // regex_replace( ) for replacing the match with 'mad'

    regex_replace(back_inserter(result), s.begin(), s.end(),

                  r,  "geek");

  

    cout << result;

  

    return 0;

}

Output:

I am looking for mad
I am looking for mad

So Regex operations make use of following parameters :-

  • Target sequence (subject) – The string to be matched.
  • Regular Expression (Pattern) – The regular expression for the target sequence.
  • Matched Array – The information about matches is stored in a special match_result array.
  • Replacement String – These string are used for allowing replacement of the matches.

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